Salt of the Earth is a 1954 American drama film written by Michael Wilson, directed by Herbert J. Biberman, and produced by Paul Jarrico.

The drama film is one of the first pictures to advance the feminist social and political point of view. Its plot centers on a long and difficult strike, based on the 1951 strike against the Empire Zinc Company in Grant County, New Mexico. In the film, the company is identified as “Delaware Zinc”, and the setting is “Zinctown, New Mexico”. The film shows how the miners, the company, and the police react during the strike. In neorealist style, the producers and director used actual miners and their families as actors in the film.

Plot
Esperanza Quintero (Rosaura Revueltas) is a miner’s wife in Zinc Town, New Mexico, a community which is essentially run and owned by Delaware Zinc Inc. Esperanza is thirty-five years old, pregnant with her third child and emotionally dominated by her husband, Ramon Quintero (Juan Chacón).

The majority of the miners are Mexican-Americans and want decent working conditions equal to those of white, or “Anglo” miners. The unionized workers go on strike, but the company refuses to negotiate and the impasse continues for months. Esperanza gives birth and, simultaneously, Ramon is beaten by police and jailed on bogus assault charges following an altercation with a union worker who betrayed his fellows. When Ramon is released, Esperanza tells him that he’s no good to her in jail. He counters that if the strike succeeds they will not only get better conditions right now but also win hope for their children’s futures.

The company presents a Taft-Hartley Act injunction to the union, meaning any miners who picket will be arrested. Taking advantage of a loophole, the wives picket in their husbands’ places. Some men dislike this, seeing it as improper and dangerous. Esperanza is forbidden to picket by Ramon at first, but she eventually joins the line while carrying her baby.

The sheriff, by company orders, arrests the leading women of the strike. Esperanza is among those taken to jail. When she returns home, Ramon tells her the strike is hopeless, as the company will easily outlast the miners. She insists that the union is stronger than ever and asks Ramon why he can’t accept her as an equal in their marriage. Both angry, they sleep separately that night.

The next day the company evicts the Quintero family from their house. The union men and women arrive to protest the eviction. Ramon tells Esperanza that they can all fight together. The mass of workers and their families proves successful in saving the Quinteros’ home. The company admits defeat and plans to negotiate. Esperanza believes that the community has won something no company can ever take away and it will be inherited by her children.

Cast
Rosaura Revueltas as Esperanza Quintero
Will Geer as Sheriff
David Bauer as Barton (as David Wolfe)
Mervin Williams as Hartwell
David Sarvis as Alexander
Juan Chacón as Ramon Quintero
Henrietta Williams as Teresa Vidal
Ernesto Velázquez as Charley Vidal
Ángela Sánchez as Consuelo Ruiz
Joe T. Morales as Sal Ruiz
Clorinda Alderette as Luz Morales
Charles Coleman as Antonio Morales
Virginia Jencks as Ruth Barnes
Clinton Jencks as Frank Barnes
Víctor Torres as Sebasatian Prieto
E.A. Rockwell as Vance
William Rockwell as Kimbrough
Floyd Bostick as Jenkins